James Francis

Self-driving cars have arrived, and I don't mean Tesla Autopilot. Car autonomy spans six levels, from zero to five. Your average car is rated zero since it has no autonomous features, and most higher-end models are level one, meaning they have some version of cruise control and rudimentary drive assist. Teslas with autopilot features qualify for level two: they can steer and accelerate, but a physically present human driver must still monitor and be able to intervene.

The Holy Grail is level five – completely independent driving under any circumstances and with no human supervision and intervention. We're currently just one level away, and they're called robotaxis.